The karyotype, which is a map of a person's chromosomes, shows an extra 21st.
The karyotype, which is a map of a person's chromosomes, shows an extra 21st.


  • Down Syndrome or Trisonomy 21 is caused by an extra 21st chromosome which happens during cell division. During fetilization between a sperm and an egg, the child recieves 23 sets of chromosomes from the father and 23 from the mother for a total of 46 chromosomes. However, people with DS have a total set of 47 chromosomes. This is called a nondisjunction since there was a problem with the chromosomes seperating properly.

normal cell division
normal cell division
nondisjunction
nondisjunction

  • Nondisjunction simply means that there are more or fewer chromosomes than normal. But in this case, there is one more chromosome than normal.



  • It's true that older women are at a higher risk for having a child with Down Syndrome, (the chance increases as the woman gets older), but most babies with Down Syndrome are born to women under 35 years of age.